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Ethics: Quick Facts

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Facts

Also Known As moral philosophy

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Code of Hammurabi
Herodotus
Moses receiving the Ten Commandments
Buddha
Laozi
Confucius
Mencius
Marble bust of Pythagoras, the ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher, showing a bearded man with a head covering and calm expression.
Socrates
The Greek philosopher Plato
Two black-and-white portraits of a mustached man flank handwritten notes; overlay text reads “Who was Friedrich Nietzsche?”
Black-and-white photo of a suited man with glasses on a balcony; overlaid text reads “Who was Jean‑Paul Sartre?” with a hazy cityscape in the background.
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Key People

Marble bust of Aristotle with a beard and draped robe, showing detailed facial features and wavy hair, set against a dark background.
Aristotle
Greek philosopher
Socrates
Socrates
Greek philosopher
The Greek philosopher Plato
Plato
Greek philosopher
Justus of Ghent: Saint Augustine
St. Augustine
Christian bishop and theologian
Profile portrait of Immanuel Kant facing right, framed by a green Ouroboros serpent forming an oval, with a geometric symbol below the frame.
Immanuel Kant
German philosopher
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
German philosopher
Engraved portrait of Benedict de Spinoza by Friedrich Roth-Scholtz, showing Spinoza in formal 17th-century attire with a circular symbol in the upper left corner.
Benedict de Spinoza
Dutch-Jewish philosopher
Adam Smith
Adam Smith
Scottish philosopher
David Hume
David Hume
Scottish philosopher
John Stuart Mill
John Stuart Mill
British philosopher and economist
Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Nietzsche
German philosopher
Scratchpad: Black-and-white formal portrait of philosopher Judith Jarvis Thomson smiling, wearing a tailored jacket with a brooch and a bow-tied blouse before a curtain. Alt text: Black-and-white portrait of philosopher Judith Jarvis Thomson smiling in a tailored jacket, brooch, and bow-tied blouse.
Judith Jarvis Thomson
American philosopher
Arthur Schopenhauer
Arthur Schopenhauer
German philosopher
Bernard Williams
Bernard Williams
English philosopher
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Johann Gottlieb Fichte
German philosopher
Alasdair MacIntyre
Alasdair MacIntyre
Scottish-born philosopher
Bronze bust of Epicurus with a full beard and draped clothing, displayed on a round inscribed base at the National Archaeological Museum of Naples.
Epicurus
Greek philosopher
Peter Singer
Peter Singer
Australian philosopher
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Emmanuel Lévinas
French philosopher
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Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī
Persian scholar