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artillery: Quick Facts

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19th-century coastal artillery gun
Diagram showing three types of artillery ammunition: fixed, semifixed, and separate-loading. Each is labeled to indicate the fuse, shell, bursting charge, rotating band, cartridge case, propelling charge, and primer, illustrating differences in how components are assembled and loaded.
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Key People

Aleksey Andreyevich, Graf Arakcheyev
Aleksey Andreyevich, Graf Arakcheyev
Russian general and statesman
Gribeauval 12-pounder cannon
Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval
French officer and engineer
Robert C. Seamans, Jr.
Robert C. Seamans, Jr.
American aeronautical engineer
Lennart Torstenson, detail from a portrait by an unknown artist, 1648; in Gripsholm Castle, Sweden.
Lennart Torstenson
Swedish military officer
Constantino Brumidi: Henry Knox
Henry Knox
United States general
William George Armstrong, c. 1870
William George Armstrong, Baron Armstrong
British industrialist and engineer
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Henry Shrapnel
British inventor
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Kraft, prince zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
Prussian military officer
Colleoni, Bartolomeo
Bartolomeo Colleoni
Italian condottiere
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Sir Samuel Bentham
British engineer
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Benjamin Robins
British engineer and mathematician

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James Watt as a young man, c1769. Scottish engineer and instrument maker. Invented the modern steam engine which became the main source of power in Britain's textile mills. His engine had a separate condenser in which steam from the cylinder; (see notes)
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