Mongolia: Quick Facts

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Last updated

Nov. 11, 2026

News •

Gangseo courts Mongolian patients as medical tourism rebounds • Nov. 2, 2026, 11:54 PM ET (Korea Herald)

Also Known As	Mongol Uls • Outer Mongolia
Head Of Government	Prime Minister: Nyam-Osor Uchral
Capital	Ulaanbaatar (Ulan Bator)
Population	(2025 est.) 3,610,000
Head Of State	President: Ukhnaa Khürelsükh
Form Of Government	unitary multiparty republic with one legislative house (State Great Hural [76])
Official Language	Khalkha Mongolian
Official Religion	none
Official Name	Mongol Uls (Mongolia)
Total Area (Sq Km)	1,564,116
Total Area (Sq Mi)	603,908
Monetary Unit	tugrik (Tug)
Population Rank	(2026) 133
Population Projection 2030	3,494,000
Density: Persons Per Sq Mi	(2025) 6
Density: Persons Per Sq Km	(2025) 2.3
Urban-Rural Population	Urban: (2023) 69.9% • Rural: (2023) 31.1%
Life Expectancy At Birth	Male: (2024) 67.9 years • Female: (2024) 77.1 years
Gni (U.S.$ ’000,000)	(2024) 18,976
Gni Per Capita (U.S.$)	(2024) 5,380

Genghis Khan, born Temujin around May 31, 1162, established the Mongol Empire in 1206, which became the largest entirely connected (contiguous) empire in history. It occupied approximately 22% of all land on Earth.
The Mongols, even as far back as the time of Genghis Khan, have enjoyed freedom of religion. Approximately half on Mongolians today are Buddhists and 40% are irreligious, with the remaining 10% comprised of Christians, shamanists, and others (including a very small Jewish community).
Mongolia is the 18th largest country in the world by area, but its population of just 3 million makes it the world's most sparsely populated country.
Mongolian lifestyle emphasizes affection towards children. The average Mongolian woman will have four children, and those who have five (or more) children are referred to as "honored mothers".
Mongolia remains heavily nomadic, with approximately 30% of Mongolians being classified as nomads.