Ask the Chatbot Games & Quizzes History & Society Science & Tech Biographies Animals & Nature Geography & Travel Arts & Culture ProCon Money Videos

Estonia: Quick Facts

Written and fact-checked by
The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

The Information Architects maintain a master list of the topics included in the corpus of  Encyclopædia Britannica, and create and manage the relationships between them.
The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Last updated

Facts

Also Known As Eesti Vabariik • Republic of Estonia
Head Of Government Prime Minister: Kristen Michal
Capital Tallinn
Population (2026 est.) 1,363,000
Currency Exchange Rate 1 USD equals 0.902 euro
Head Of State President: Alar Karis
Form Of Government unitary multiparty republic with a single legislative house (Riigikogu, or Parliament [101])
Official Language Estonian
Official Religion none
Official Name Eesti Vabariik (Republic of Estonia)
Total Area (Sq Km) 45,339
Total Area (Sq Mi) 17,506
Monetary Unit euro (€)1
Population Rank (2026) 159
Population Projection 2030 1,307,000
Density: Persons Per Sq Mi (2026) 77.9
Density: Persons Per Sq Km (2026) 30.1
Urban-Rural Population Urban: (2021) 61.2% • Rural: (2021) 38.8%
Life Expectancy At Birth Male: (2024) 75.1 years • Female: (2024) 83.4 years
Gni (U.S.$ ’000,000) (2024) 39,628
Gni Per Capita (U.S.$) (2024) 28,880
1The euro (€) replaced the kroon (EEK) on January 1, 2011, at an exchange rate of €1 = EEK 15.65.

Photos

Estonia
Political map of Estonia showing its national boundaries with Russia and Latvia, the Baltic Sea coastline, and major cities and towns such as Tallinn, Tartu, and Narva. The map includes nearby islands and a small inset locator map highlighting Estonia's position in northern Europe.
Tallinn, Estonia
Map of northern and eastern Europe highlighting Estonia in orange, with neighboring countries labeled, including Russia, Latvia, Finland, and Sweden. The capital city, Tallinn, is also marked near the Baltic Sea.
Map of Estonia highlighting its physical features, including major uplands, lakes such as Lake Peipus, rivers, and protected nature reserves. The map shows Estonia's borders with Latvia and Russia, its coastline along the Baltic Sea, and surrounding islands like Saaremaa, Hiiumaa, and Muhu. An inset locator map in the top left shows Estonia's position within Europe.
Tallinn, Estonia
Peipus, Lake
Muhu island
Alexander Nevski Cathedral in Tallinn, Estonia, featuring ornate white and brown facades, arched windows, and multiple onion domes topped with golden crosses.
Ema River at Tartu, Estonia
National anthem of Estonia
See All Images, Audio and Interactives →

Related Topics and References

Topics
Dig Deeper: More Articles That Discuss This Topic
Kaja Kallas
Kaja Kallas
prime minister of Estonia
Valdemar II, coin, 13th century; in the Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen
Valdemar II
king of Denmark
default image
Lennart Meri
president of Estonia
Ilves, Toomas Hendrik
Toomas Hendrik Ilves
president of Estonia
Pats, 1938
Konstantin Päts
president of Estonia
default image
Johan Laidoner
Estonian patriot
default image
F. Reinhold Kreutzwald
Estonian physician, folklorist, and poet
default image
Jaan Tõnisson
Estonian statesman
default image
Friedrich von Bernhardi
German soldier and military writer

Related Places

Map showing the countries of Europe with national capitals and surrounding bodies of water, including the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and Black Sea.
Europe
continent
Map of the Baltic States-Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania-showing country borders, major uplands and plains, highest points, and the capitals Tallinn, Riga, and Vilnius. Surrounding countries and bodies of water, including Russia, Belarus, Poland, Finland, Sweden, the Baltic Sea, and the Gulf of Finland, are also labeled.
Baltic states
region, Europe
View over Tallinn, Estonia, showing medieval stone towers with red roofs, a tall church spire, and a mix of historic buildings surrounded by trees under a partly cloudy sky.
Tallinn
national capital, Estonia
Tartu, Est.
Tartu
Estonia
Narva
Narva
Estonia
Kohtla-Järve: Cultural Center
Kohtla-Järve
Estonia
Pärnu
Pärnu
Estonia
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1922–91
Soviet Union
historical state, Eurasia
Kuressaare Castle
Saaremaa
island, Estonia
Hiiumaa: lighthouse
Hiiumaa
island, Estonia
Kaali järv Craters
Kaali järv Craters
craters, Baltic Sea
Võrtsjärv
Võrtsjärv
lake, Estonia
Muhu island
Muhu
archipelago, Estonia
default image
Livonia
historical region, Europe
Peipus, Lake
Lake Peipus
lake, Europe

Related Quizzes

Actual continental drift of plates. Thematic map.
Geography Fun Facts
10:087 Ocean: The World of Water, two globes showing eastern and western hemispheres
You Name It!
Opened passport with visas, stamps, seals, world map. (travel, tourism)
Guess the Country by Its Neighbors Quiz
Flags of the world against blue sky. Countries, International. Globalization, global relations, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, Poland, Palestine, Japan. Homepage 2010, arts and entertainment, history and society
Which Country Is Larger By Population? Quiz
Brown globe on antique map. Brown world on vintage map. North America. Green globe. Hompepage blog 2009, history and society, geography and travel, explore discovery
Countries & Their Features
Flags of all countries of the world. Flags of the world. National flags. Country flags. Hompepage blog 2009, history and society, geography and travel, explore discovery
The Country Quiz
7:023 Geography: Think of Something Big, globe showing Africa, Europe, and Eurasia
Which Country Is Larger By Area? Quiz
Brown globe on antique map. Brown world on vintage map. North America. Green globe. Hompepage blog 2009, history and society, geography and travel, explore discovery
Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz
Flags of the world. National flags. Country flags. Hompepage blog 2009, history and society, geography and travel, explore discovery
Countries of the World
Flags of all nations of the world. Grouping of various country flags on a world map.
Which Country Is Larger? Quiz