DNA sequencing: Quick Facts

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Last updated

Nov. 12, 2026

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Photos

Diagram of a DNA double helix showing its twisted ladder structure, with a close-up of the sugar-phosphate backbone, paired nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine), and labeled nucleotides and hydrogen bonds.

In gel electrophoresis an electric field is applied to a buffer solution covering an agarose gel, which has slots at one end containing DNA samples. The negatively charged DNA molecules travel through the gel toward a positive electrode and are separated based on size as they advance.

Computer monitor displaying DNA sequencing data with multicolored horizontal bands and vertical columns, labeled with numerical markers along the left side.

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Topics

recognition sequence DNA genetic engineering recombinant DNA genetically modified organism gene editing three-parent baby whole genome sequencing monoclonal antibody pharming

Key People

Frederick Sanger, 1993

Frederick Sanger

British biochemist

Venter, J. Craig

J. Craig Venter

American geneticist, biochemist, and businessman

Gilbert, Walter

Walter Gilbert

American biologist

Holley, Robert William

Robert William Holley

American biochemist