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Why was U.S. naval power stronger than Spanish naval power in 1898?
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Spanish-American War
Theodore Roosevelt leading the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War, 1898; print created by Kurz & Allison.
In 1898, the United States Navy was significantly stronger than the Spanish fleet because it was better equipped, better prepared, and highly motivated, whereas Spain was largely unprepared for a conflict with a formidable power.1
The U.S. naval advantage was defined by several key factors:
- Superior Technology: The U.S. North Atlantic Squadron featured four modern battleshipsâIndiana, Iowa, Massachusetts, and Oregonâthat had no equivalent in the Spanish fleet. Similarly, the U.S. Asiatic Squadron utilized advanced protected cruisers that far outclassed the antiquated Spanish vessels in the Philippines.1
- Training and Readiness: Due to the efforts of Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt, U.S. crews were well-supplied with fuel and ammunition and had engaged in rigorous battle maneuvers and target practice.1
- Morale: U.S. officers and sailors were confident and aggressive, while their Spanish counterparts were demoralized and recognized that they were likely doomed to defeat.1
Ultimately, the U.S. Navyâs dominance in these areas allowed it to decisively destroy Spanish naval resistance in both the Caribbean and the Pacific.23