Why do mainstream historians reject the claim that Roosevelt deliberately allowed the Pearl Harbor attack?

Mainstream historians reject the "Back Door to War" theory—which posits that President Franklin D. Roosevelt intentionally provoked the attack on Pearl Harbor to draw the United States into World War II—for several key reasons:

• Implausibility of Intent: Historians argue it is illogical to believe Roosevelt, a former assistant secretary of the Navy, would knowingly expose the U.S. fleet to such catastrophic destruction. If his goal were merely to enter the war, he could have achieved this with significantly less loss of life and equipment.1
• Intelligence Failures: While U.S. officials knew an attack was imminent, they were misled by intelligence suggesting the target would be British, Dutch, or French possessions in Southeast Asia. U.S. military leaders largely viewed the fleet in Hawaii as a deterrent rather than a vulnerable target, and they underestimated Japan's capability to launch a successful strike on Hawaii.12
• Evidence of De-escalation: Substantial evidence indicates that Roosevelt sought to postpone a conflict with Japan, including his final appeal to Emperor Hirohito in the days leading up to the attack.2
• Strategic Miscalculation: Historians emphasize that the attack was a result of Japanese military planning and American intelligence failures, not a domestic conspiracy.12