Why did the Reign of Terror end with the Thermidorian Reaction?

The Reign of Terror ended with the Thermidorian Reaction on 9 Thermidor, Year II (July 27, 1794), primarily because the French public and the National Convention had become exhausted by the escalating violence and the Committee of Public Safety’s unchecked authority.12

By the summer of 1794, support for Maximilien Robespierre had collapsed due to several factors:

• Violent Excesses: The passage of the Law of 22 Prairial, which stripped suspects of legal rights and mandated death for the guilty, led to a surge in executions that alienated the populace.32
• Economic Failure: Robespierre’s price-fixing schemes and economic policies failed to resolve food shortages and currency depreciation, causing widespread hardship.2
• Political Isolation: Robespierre’s tendency to threaten colleagues and his perceived dictatorial behavior united his political rivals against him.32

When Robespierre attempted to reassert his influence, the National Convention turned against him, decreeing his arrest. His subsequent execution marked the end of the Terror and a reassertion of the Convention’s power over the Committee of Public Safety.132