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Why did the French attack on Paris in 1429 fail?
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Hundred Yearsâ War
Image depicting the Battle of Crécy, during the Hundred Years' War, in which Edward III of England defeated Philip VI of France on August 26, 1346.
The French attack on Paris in September 1429 failed primarily due to a lack of sustained military commitment and the strength of the city's organized defenses.
While Joan of Arc and the Duke of Alençon led an assault between the gates of Saint-Honoré and Saint-Denis on September 8, the effort was hampered by several factors:
- Defensive Preparation: The Parisians had been given time to organize their defenses while the royal army maneuvered in the surrounding region.1
- Lack of Royal Resolve: Although Joan continued to encourage the troops after being wounded, the attack was ultimately abandoned. When she and Alençon attempted to renew the assault the following day, they were ordered to retreat by the council of Charles VII.1
- Strategic Hesitation: The kingâs council had previously shown reluctance regarding the campaign, having earlier considered retreating to the Loire and abandoning plans to attack the capital.1
Following the failed attempt, the royal army eventually disbanded, and Charles VII pursued a diplomatic strategy, eventually concluding a truce with the Burgundians.12