Why did several ministers testify that they had not approved the use of their names in the advertisement?
In the legal case New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, four ministers testified that their names had been used in the advertisement without their permission because they had never seen the advertisement before it was published.1
The advertisement, titled "Heed Their Rising Voices," was organized by civil rights activists who sought to include the names of prominent individuals as endorsers to increase the ad's appeal. Although the author of the ad, John Murray, expressed concern that these individuals had not been contacted for authorization, he was assured by activist Bayard Rustin that it would not be an issue because those individuals had been involved in the movement and had previously lent their names to similar causes. Consequently, the names were included without the explicit consent of those specific ministers.1