Why did Spain refuse to recognize Cuban independence?

Spain’s refusal to recognize Cuban independence was rooted in a complex political and social dilemma. Domestically, the Spanish government feared that relinquishing control of Cuba could lead to the collapse of the existing government or even the monarchy itself. Furthermore, the Spanish political system faced significant pressure from a loyalist party in Cuba that opposed any concessions.12

While the Spanish government eventually attempted to offer reforms, such as autonomy and the end of the "reconcentration" policy, these measures were viewed as insufficient by the Cuban insurgents, who demanded complete independence. Spain’s reluctance was also tied to a lack of preparation for war and a failure to communicate the necessity of losing Cuba to the Spanish public. Ultimately, the Spanish government was caught in a position where it could not satisfy Cuban nationalist demands without risking internal political instability, yet it lacked the military and political strength to suppress the rebellion or successfully negotiate a compromise that would prevent intervention by the United States.312