Why did Nazi officials abandon the Madagascar Plan for deporting European Jews?

Nazi officials abandoned the Madagascar Plan—a proposal to deport European Jews to the island of Madagascar—primarily because it was deemed impractical as the war progressed.1

Several critical factors led to the rejection of this plan:

• Military and Naval Constraints: The Nazis failed to prevail in the Battle of Britain, and the seas became dangerous war zones, making the mass transport of people by sea unfeasible.1
• Resource Scarcity: The resources required to execute such a massive deportation were unavailable, as the German war effort demanded immense logistical and economic focus.1
• Shift in Policy: Following the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, Nazi leadership—including Adolf Hitler, Hermann Göring, Heinrich Himmler, and Reinhard Heydrich—shifted their policy toward the systematic mass extermination of Jews, which became known as the "Final Solution".21