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Who received the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza after Napoleon's defeat?
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Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna, watercolor etching by August Friedrich Andreas Campe; in the collection of the State Borodino War and History Museum, Moscow.
Following the defeat of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna awarded the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza to Marie-Louise, the former empress of the French and consort of the deposed Napoleon.123
The duchies of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla were granted to her for her lifetime. Although there was opposition from the Bourbon family—who had previously controlled the territory—the Congress ratified her accession. Her son's right of succession was later overruled in 1817, and upon her death in 1847, the duchies were restored to the Bourbons.142