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Who led the French counterattacks at Verdun in late 1916?

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French soldiers in uniform rest and eat on a grassy field behind the front lines during the Battle of Verdun in World War I, with gear and rifles stacked nearby. — Battle of Verdun French soldiers resting away from the front line at the Battle of Verdun, 1916.

The French counterattacks at Verdun in late 1916 were directed by General Robert-Georges Nivelle and executed by army corps under the command of General Charles Mangin.

These operations, which utilized creeping artillery barrages, successfully recovered key positions such as Fort Douaumont in October and Fort Vaux in November, eventually reclaiming nearly all the ground previously lost to German forces by the end of the year.123