Which armies defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo?

Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo on June 18, 1815, by the combined forces of two major armies:12

• The Duke of Wellington’s Allied army: A force of approximately 68,000 troops, which included British, Dutch, Belgian, and German units.1
• The Prussian army: Commanded by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, this force of about 45,000 troops arrived throughout the day to support Wellington and ultimately turned the tide of the battle.12

While Napoleon initially hoped to defeat these armies separately, the coordination between Wellington and Blücher proved decisive. The arrival of the Prussian corps under Hans Ernst Karl von Zieten and the pressure exerted by the Prussian forces on Napoleon’s eastern flank forced the French into a disorganized retreat, marking the final defeat of Napoleon and the end of the Napoleonic Wars.13