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What major inventions were created during the Victorian era?

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Portrait of Queen Victoria — Victorian era *Queen Victoria*, watercolour by Julia Abercromby, 1883, after a watercolour by Heinrich von Angeli; in the National Portrait Gallery, London.

The Victorian era, roughly spanning from 1820 to 1914, was a period of significant technological advancement, largely driven by the Industrial Revolution. Key inventions that emerged during this time include the steam engine, greatly improved by James Watt, which powered factories, locomotives, and steamships.

Other crucial innovations include the electric telegraph (developed by Sir William Cooke and Sir Charles Wheatstone, with Samuel F.B. Morse developing the code) and the telephone, invented by Alexander Graham Bell. The development of photography, with early work by J.N. Niepce and L.-J.-M. Daguerre, and later popularized by George Eastman, also marked this era. Additionally, advancements in printing technology, such as the rotary press and the Linotype machine, revolutionized the dissemination of information.