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What evidence for early grain harvesting was found at Netiv Hagdud in Israel?

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At the Netiv Hagdud site in Israel, which dates to approximately 11,500 bp, archaeological evidence indicates an agricultural lifeway that existed prior to the development of domesticated plants.

The primary evidence for early grain harvesting at the site includes:

  • Plant Remains: Wild barley is the most prevalent plant food identified among the recovered grass, legume, and nut remains. While the barley is wild in form, its presence in large quantities and its singular importance suggest it was treated as a crop.
  • Tools and Facilities: Occupants of the site manufactured and utilized a significant number of sickles and grinding tools, alongside established storage facilities, which reflect a systematic approach to harvesting and processing wild grains.1