What did the Second Treaty of Fort Laramie guarantee to the Oceti Sakowin?

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Plains Wars View of the army camp at Hidden Wood Creek during Lieut. Col. George Armstrong Custer's Black Hills expedition, 1874; photograph by W.H. Illingworth.

The Second Treaty of Fort Laramie, signed in 1868, was a peace agreement between the United States and the Oceti Sakowin (Sioux) that aimed to end the conflict surrounding the Bozeman Trail.12

Under the terms of this treaty, the United States government agreed to abandon its military posts along the Bozeman Trail. Furthermore, the treaty guaranteed the Oceti Sakowin peoples exclusive possession of the land in the present-day state of South Dakota located west of the Missouri River.123

While this agreement was intended to establish a lasting peace, it was undermined in the mid-1870s when the discovery of gold in the Black Hills led thousands of miners to disregard the treaty and encroach upon the reservation, ultimately precipitating further hostilities.13