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Peace of Westphalia
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Painting by Gerard Terborch showing a large group of men in formal 17th-century attire gathered around a green-covered table, witnessing the signing of the Treaty of Munster. Historical map of Central Europe showing territorial changes resulting from the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 at the end of the Thirty Years' War. Areas transferred to Sweden, Brandenburg, Transylvania, Saxony, France, the United Provinces, Bavaria, and Poland are color-coded. The map also marks the boundary of the Holy Roman Empire, key battle sites, and the route of Gustavus Adolphus's campaign from 1631 to 1632. Major cities, rivers, and neighboring countries such as France, Poland, Sweden, and
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Vikings. Viking warriors hold swords and shields. 9th c. AD seafaring warriors raided the coasts of Europe, burning, plundering and killing. Marauders or pirates came from Scandinavia, now Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. European History
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D-Day. American soldiers fire rifles, throw grenades and wade ashore on Omaha Beach next to a German bunker during D Day landing. 1 of 5 Allied beachheads est. in Normandy, France. The Normandy Invasion of World War II launched June 6, 1944.
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Painting by Gerard Terborch showing a large group of men in formal 17th-century attire gathered around a green-covered table, witnessing the signing of the Treaty of Munster.
Peace of Westphalia The Swearing of the Oath of Ratification of the Treaty of MĂŒnster, oil on copper by Gerard Terborch, 1648, depicting the settlement of the Peace of Westphalia.

Peace of Westphalia

European history
Also known as: Treaty of Westphalia
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Peace of Westphalia, European settlements of 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years’ War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years’ War. The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of MĂŒnster and OsnabrĂŒck. The Spanish-Dutch treaty was signed on January 30, 1648. The treaty of October 24, 1648, comprehended the Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand III, the other German princes, France, and Sweden. England, Poland,...

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