How many sacraments did the Council of Trent recognize?

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Painting by Nicolo Dorigati showing the opening session of the Council of Trent, with clergy in white robes seated in a grand cathedral and an altar at the center. — Council of Trent Opening session of the Council of Trent in 1545, depicted by Nicolò Dorigati, 1711; in the Museo Diocesano Tridentino, Trento, Italy.

The Council of Trent (1545–1563) officially recognized and fixed the number of sacraments at seven.12

This decision served as a definitive response to Protestant reformers, who generally maintained that there were only two sacraments: baptism and the Eucharist. The seven sacraments affirmed by the Council are:32

Baptism
Confirmation
The Eucharist
Reconciliation (penance)
Anointing of the sick
Marriage
Holy orders

By establishing this number, the Council of Trent solidified the Roman Catholic position against the doctrinal challenges of the Reformation, affirming that these rites were instituted by Christ and are productive of inner grace.132