How many hours per week did a typical bakery worker labor in 1895?

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In 1895, the typical bakery worker labored 74 hours per week, with many individuals working even longer hours in these environments.1

This excessive workload was a primary motivation for the New York Bakeshop Act of 1895, which sought to limit the working hours of bread, cake, and biscuit workers to 10 hours per day and 60 hours per week to protect the health of employees. The subsequent legal challenge to this regulation resulted in the landmark Supreme Court case Lochner v. New York.1