How did the fall of Robespierre change France after 1794?

The fall of Maximilien Robespierre on 9 Thermidor (July 27, 1794) triggered the Thermidorian Reaction, a pivotal shift that dismantled the radical Jacobin dictatorship and ended the Reign of Terror.123

Key changes in France after 1794 included:

• Political Realignment: The National Convention reasserted its authority over the Committee of Public Safety. Surviving Girondins were recalled, and leading Montagnards were purged.13
• End of the Terror: Prisons were emptied, and the repressive legal mechanisms of the Terror, such as the Revolutionary Tribunal, were dismantled. However, this was followed by a brief "White Terror" against remaining Jacobins.12
• Social and Economic Shifts: Public life became more permissive and extravagant, characterized by a rise in bourgeois consumption and fashion, though the poor continued to face economic hardship.1
• The Directory: In 1795, the Convention established the Directory, a government with a bicameral legislature and a five-member executive. While it suffered from corruption and weak executive power, it consolidated revolutionary achievements, such as the grandes écoles, before eventually yielding to Napoleon Bonaparte.43