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How did the exile of Bahadur Shah II end the Mughal dynasty?

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Illustration of De Kantzow defending the treasury at Mainpuri during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, showing a British officer confronting armed sepoys inside a building as tensions rise during the uprising. — Indian Rebellion of 1857 Indian sepoys (soldiers) corner a British officer amid their attack on a treasury in Mainpuri, Uttar Pradesh.

The exile of Bahadur Shah II marked the definitive end of the Mughal dynasty because it removed the final, albeit titular, sovereign from the Indian political landscape following the Indian Rebellion of 1857.12

By the time of the rebellion, the Mughal emperor held no real authority and was a pensioner of the British East India Company. After rebel sepoys compelled him to accept nominal leadership of the uprising, the British regained control of Delhi and arrested the emperor. His subsequent trial and forced exile to Rangoon effectively dismantled the remaining structure of the dynasty. This event coincided with the broader political shift in which the East India Company was abolished, leading to the establishment of direct rule by the British government over India. With the last emperor removed and the imperial seat vacated, the dynasty that had ruled for approximately 330 years ceased to exist as a political entity.1234