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How did the Council of Trent respond to Huldrych Zwingli's view of the Eucharist?

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Painting by Nicolo Dorigati showing the opening session of the Council of Trent, with clergy in white robes seated in a grand cathedral and an altar at the center. — Council of Trent Opening session of the Council of Trent in 1545, depicted by Nicolò Dorigati, 1711; in the Museo Diocesano Tridentino, Trento, Italy.

The Council of Trent (1545–1563) responded to the eucharistic views of Huldrych Zwingli by formally defining and reaffirming the doctrine of the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist.1

While Zwingli interpreted the words of institution symbolically—arguing that the bread and wine merely signify Christ’s presence or serve as a memorial—the Council of Trent explicitly rejected this interpretation. During its second period (1551–1552), the council issued a decree that defined the real, substantial presence of Christ in the sacrament. Furthermore, the council reaffirmed the doctrine of [transubstantiation], which asserts that the substance of the bread and wine is changed into the body and blood of Christ, standing in direct opposition to the symbolic or figurative interpretations held by Zwingli and other reformers.2134