How did some bishops respond to attacks on Jewish communities during the First Crusade?

During the First Crusade in 1096, Jewish communities in several Rhenish towns—including Speyer, Worms, Mainz, and Cologne—faced violent attacks, or pogroms, carried out by bands of Crusaders led by figures such as Count Emicho.12

In response to these threats, members of the Jewish communities often sought the protection of the local bishop. In some instances, this protection was successfully provided, while in others, it proved insufficient or futile, leading many Jews to seek refuge in local homes and temples to escape the Crusaders' demands that they convert or face death.12