How did a spear-thrower make spears more effective?

The spear-thrower, also known as an atlatl, significantly increased the effectiveness of hunting during the Paleolithic era by functioning as an extension of the human arm.12

By acting as an extra joint, the device provides an increased radius of swing, which allows the hunter to move the projectile faster. This mechanical advantage adds considerable kinetic energy to the spear, resulting in greater velocity, increased range, and more forceful impact upon the target. Because of this enhanced power, the spear-thrower enabled hunters to efficiently fell large animals, such as mammoths.12

The device typically consists of a rod or board featuring a groove and a hook, thong, or projection at the rear end that holds the butt of the spear in place until the moment of release. This innovation represented a critical development in hunting technology, allowing for more effective use of dartlike projectiles tipped with flint or bone.132