How did Spain’s cancellation of the Cuban-U.S. trade pact affect tensions in Cuba?

In 1894, Spain’s decision to cancel the Cuban-U.S. trade pact significantly exacerbated the existing political and economic crisis in Cuba. By terminating this agreement—which had facilitated annual trade between the two regions reaching approximately $100 million—and simultaneously imposing additional taxes and trade restrictions, the Spanish government intensified the financial strain on the colony.1

This move deepened the resentment of the Cuban population toward colonial authority, as the administration had already failed to implement promised political and economic reforms. The resulting economic hardship fueled growing resistance, providing momentum for the revolutionary movement coordinated by figures such as José Martí. This heightened state of tension ultimately led to the outbreak of the second war of independence on February 24, 1895.1