How did Article 3 of the Mexican Constitution of 1917 address education?

In the context of the Mexican Revolution, Article 3 of the Constitution of 1917 established a comprehensive framework for the nation's educational system. It mandated that public education be secular, free, and compulsory.12

This provision was part of a broader shift in the government's role, moving away from a passive stance toward an active obligation to promote the social, economic, and cultural well-being of its citizens. By incorporating these requirements, the constitution aimed to widen the educational base and provide primary school access to the Mexican masses, many of whom had previously lacked the opportunity to learn to read and write.12