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Uta-Renate Blumenthal
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BIOGRAPHY

Professor of History, The Catholic University of America. Author of The Investiture Controversy: Church and Monarchy from the Ninth to the Twelfth Century and The Early Councils of Pope Paschal II.

Primary Contributions (3)
Gregory VII excommunicating Henry IV
St. Gregory VII ; canonized 1606; feast day May 25) was the pope, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church, from 1073 to 1085. One of the greatest popes of the medieval church, he lent his name to the 11th-century movement now known as the Gregorian Reform or Investiture Controversy. Gregory VII was…
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