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Associate Professor, School of Education, State University of New York at Oswego. Her contributions to SAGE Publications's Encyclopedia of Educational Reform and Dissent (2010) formed the basis of her contributions to Britannica.
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Educational reform, and to a lesser extent educational dissent, occupy a prominent place in the annals of U.S. education. Whether based on religious, cultural, social, philosophical, or pedagogical grounds, they are ever-present in our educational history. Although some reforms have been presented as a remedy for society's ills, most programs were aimed toward practical transformation of the existing...