Fred N. White | Britannica

Fred N. White

Contributor

BIOGRAPHY

Emeritus Professor of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, at La Jolla; former Director, Physiological Research Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Coauthor of Animal Function: Principles and Adaptations.

Primary Contributions (1)

Illustration showing different animals and their respiratory organs: a spider with book lungs, a chicken with lungs, a sponge with labeled inflow and outflow pores, a fish with gills, and a caterpillar with spiracles.

Respiratory system

Respiratory system, the system in living organisms that takes up oxygen and discharges carbon dioxide in order to satisfy energy requirements. In the living organism, energy is liberated, along with carbon dioxide, through the oxidation of molecules containing carbon. The term respiration denotes…