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Why was the Ara Pacis built and what did it commemorate?
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Augustus
Portrait of the emperor Augustus, marble, Roman, c. 14–37 ce; in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. Height 27.94 cm.
The Ara Pacis (Altar of Peace) was commissioned in 13 BCE and dedicated in 9 BCE to commemorate the return of the emperor Augustus to Rome following his three-year administration of the provinces in Gaul.12
The altar served as a site for public thanksgiving and sacrifice, symbolizing the peace and stability of the new Augustan order. Its reliefs blend contemporary history with Roman legend to reinforce the emperor's status:1
- Commemoration: The exterior walls feature a frieze depicting the actual procession of Augustus, his family, and Roman officials during the altar's foundation ceremony on July 4, 13 BCE.1
- Legendary Connections: The structure includes depictions of Aeneas and the twins Romulus and Remus, linking Augustus to Rome’s foundational myths.1
- Symbolism: The altar represents themes of serenity, moderation, and nature, effectively serving as a monument to the peace Augustus brought to the empire.1
Originally located in the Campus Martius, the shrine is considered one of the finest examples of Roman art.12