Why was Giuseppe Garibaldi called the “hero of two worlds”?

Giuseppe Garibaldi earned the title "hero of two worlds" due to his military exploits and revolutionary leadership in both South America and Europe.12

In South America, Garibaldi spent over a decade in exile, where he gained invaluable experience in guerrilla warfare while fighting for Uruguay against the Argentine dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas. His command of the Italian Legion and his victory at the Battle of Sant’Antonio in 1846 brought him international fame.13

Upon returning to Europe, his reputation was solidified by his courageous, though ultimately unsuccessful, defense of Rome against France in 1849, followed by his arduous retreat through central Italy. These combined experiences—fighting for liberty on two continents—cemented his status as a legendary figure and earned him the enduring moniker "hero of two worlds".12