Why was Claudio Monteverdi disappointed by the Gonzaga court?

Claudio Monteverdi’s disappointment with the Gonzaga court in Mantua stemmed primarily from his belief that he was consistently undervalued and underpaid by his employers.1

His frustration grew over several years, exacerbated by specific professional and personal grievances:

• Career Stagnation: Monteverdi was embittered after being passed over for the position of maestro di cappella (director of music) following the death of Giaches de Wert in 1596. He did not achieve this role until 1602.1
• Workload and Personal Loss: While serving the court, he was often subjected to heavy workloads, including composing operas, ballets, and intermezzi for court celebrations. This pressure was compounded by the death of his wife and the loss of a young prima donna who had been living in his home.1
• Lack of Recognition: Despite his eventual success with works like L’Arianna, which earned him a pay raise and a small pension, he remained resentful of the court's treatment of him, eventually refusing to return to Mantua when summoned in 1608.1

In contrast, his later appointment in Venice provided him with a sense of fulfillment, as he felt honored and was well and regularly paid.2