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Why was Calais important to England during the Hundred Yearsâ War?
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Edward III
Edward III, watercolour, 15th century; in the British Library (Cotton MS. Julius E. IV).
During the Hundred Yearsâ War, Calais was strategically vital to Edward III for several key reasons:
- Logistical Hub: After sending his fleet home upon landing in France in 1346, Edward required a secure port to receive essential reinforcements and supplies for his troops.1
- Geographic Advantage: Located directly opposite Dover where the English Channel is narrowest, the city was easily accessible for English ships to defend and resupply.1
- Proximity to Allies: Its location provided convenient access to Flemish trade cities, such as Antwerp, which were allied with England and could support the English war effort.1
- Military Base: Once captured, Calais served as an excellent military base of operations within France. It remained under English control as a colony until 1558, populated by English settlers and merchants.1