Why did violence increase after the Oslo Accords?

Following the signing of the Oslo Accords, violence increased due to a combination of political instability, mutual distrust, and the actions of extremists on both sides who sought to disrupt the peace process.12

Key factors contributing to the escalation included:

• Extremist Opposition: Militant groups such as Hamas and Islamic Jihad rejected the two-state solution and launched campaigns of suicide bombings to derail negotiations. Simultaneously, Jewish extremists opposed to ceding territory committed acts of violence, such as the 1994 attack on worshippers in Hebron and the 1995 assassination of Yitzhak Rabin.32
• Political Breakdown: The assassination of Rabin and the subsequent election of Benjamin Netanyahu led to a hard-line security stance and a breakdown in communication between the Israeli government and Yasser Arafat.12
• Settlement Expansion: Despite the accords, the continued construction of Israeli settlements in the West Bank exacerbated Palestinian frustration and complicated the peace process.456
• Provocation: The Al-Aqsa intifada was ignited in 2000 following Ariel Sharon’s visit to the Temple Mount, which was viewed as a deliberate provocation.12