Why did Thomas Hardy stop writing fiction after Jude the Obscure?

Thomas Hardy ceased writing fiction after the publication of Jude the Obscure in 1895 primarily due to the intense and hostile public reaction to the novel.12

The book’s frank treatment of sexuality and its sharp criticisms of social institutions—including the class-ridden university system, the church, and the traditional institution of marriage—deeply shocked contemporary readers. Hardy was highly sensitive to these brutally negative reviews, which caused him significant distress. Consequently, this reception accelerated his long-contemplated decision to abandon the novel form entirely and dedicate his career to writing poetry.12