Why did The Rebel cause a break between Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre?

The publication of The Rebel (L’Homme révolté) in 1951 caused a definitive break between Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre due to their fundamental disagreement over political violence and revolutionary ideology.12

In the essay, Camus argued against the totalitarian politics of Marxism and the systematic violence often justified in the name of revolutionary ends. He maintained that "good ends did not authorize the use of evil means" and advocated for a tradition of moderation and human decency.3

Conversely, Sartre, who was increasingly drawn to existentialist Marxism, held that "dirty hands" were often a necessity in politics to serve a revolutionary cause. Following the publication of Camus's work, Sartre and his circle at the review Les Temps modernes launched a critical response in 1952, leading to the end of the relationship between the two thinkers. While Camus moved toward a stoical, liberal humanism, Sartre continued to move toward a revolutionary ideology that eventually suggested violence might be inherently valuable.312