Why did Sultan Nafata of Gobir restrict Usman dan Fodio’s community in the late 1790s?

In the late 1790s, Sultan Nafata of Gobir restricted the community led by Usman dan Fodio primarily because he perceived the group as a growing political threat. Nafata became aware that Usman had permitted his followers to arm themselves, leading the Sultan to fear that the community was evolving into a "state within the state" that challenged the authority of the Gobir ruling dynasty.1

Consequently, around 1797–98, Nafata reversed his previously liberal policies toward the Shaykh and issued a proclamation that:
* Forbade anyone other than Usman from preaching.
* Prohibited the conversion of sons away from the religion of their fathers.
* Proscribed the use of traditional Muslim markers such as turbans and veils.1