Why did Spinoza argue that miracles cannot violate the laws of nature?

Benedict de Spinoza argued that miracles cannot violate the laws of nature because he maintained that divine law is both necessary and eternal, meaning it cannot be altered by any divine or human action.1

In his Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, Spinoza contended that miracles—defined as violations of the laws of nature—are impossible. He posited that everything that occurs follows necessarily from the nature of God, leaving no room for contingencies or supernatural interventions. Consequently, he viewed the belief in miracles as a product of ignorance; he argued that all events labeled as miraculous must have a rational, scientific explanation that will eventually be understood as our knowledge of nature's laws advances. By rejecting the possibility of divine suspension of natural order, Spinoza emphasized a strictly naturalistic worldview where the universe functions as a closed system governed by consistent, immutable laws.123