Why did Paul Klee return to Switzerland in 1933?

Paul Klee returned to Switzerland in 1933 because the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party made it impossible for him to continue working in Germany.1

As a prominent modern artist, Klee faced systematic persecution under the new regime. He was dismissed from his teaching position at the Dusseldorf Academy, and his home and studio were searched by the Gestapo due to his known left-wing sympathies. The Nazi regime actively suppressed contemporary art, labeling it as "degenerate art" if it did not align with their political ideals. Facing these hostile conditions, Klee moved to Switzerland at the end of 1933, though the transition caused significant financial uncertainty and disruptions to his creative output.12