Why did Otto von Bismarck introduce accident insurance and old-age pensions for German workers?

Otto von Bismarck introduced accident insurance and old-age pensions as part of a strategic effort to undermine the growing influence of the Social Democratic Party and the appeal of political radicalism among the working class.12

Bismarck viewed the rise of socialism as a grave threat to the stability of the German Empire. His two-pronged approach involved both repressive measures—such as the "exceptional laws" that banned socialist organizations—and proactive social legislation. By implementing social security programs, including sickness, accident, and old-age insurance, he aimed to address the legitimate grievances of workers and foster a sense of loyalty to the state.213

Ultimately, Bismarck wanted workers to feel that they had a tangible stake in the greatness of the German Reich, thereby wooing them away from revolutionary ideologies and preventing potential social upheaval. While these measures provided significant benefits to the workforce, they did not succeed in halting the electoral growth of the Social Democrats.231