Why did Matthew Arnold call poetry a criticism of life?

Matthew Arnold famously described poetry as a "criticism of life" to emphasize its role in interpreting, evaluating, and sustaining the human spirit, particularly in an age of "crumbling creeds" where traditional religion was losing its influence.1

By "criticism," Arnold meant an "evaluation" of life. He believed that poetry should provide moral and intellectual guidance, helping individuals navigate the complexities of existence by offering "high seriousness" and truth. He qualified this statement by noting that such criticism must be conducted "under the conditions fixed by the laws of poetic truth and poetic beauty," ensuring that the evaluation remains grounded in artistic excellence rather than mere didacticism.1

Ultimately, Arnold viewed poetry as a vital resource for the modern world—a way to console and sustain humanity against the "sick hurry and divided aims" of contemporary society. By turning to the works of acknowledged masters, readers could find the moral grandeur and intellectual clarity necessary to rise above the provinciality and complacency of their time.21