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Why did Maria Theresa separate the judiciary from the central administration in 1749?

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Maria Theresa separated the judiciary from the central administration in 1749 primarily to support the practical requirements of her broader domestic reforms.1

Rather than being driven by abstract humanitarian theories, her administrative changes were guided by pragmatic considerations. By creating a more centralized administration and separating it from the judiciary, she aimed to professionalize the government. This structure required a new class of knowledgeable civil servants and judges to function effectively, which in turn necessitated reforms in higher education to ensure these officials were properly trained for their roles.1

Ultimately, this separation was part of a larger effort to modernize the Habsburg monarchy, streamline governance, and improve the efficiency of the state's operations.21