Why did Louis IV formally depose Pope John XXII in 1328?

Louis IV formally deposed Pope John XXII in 1328 as a direct escalation of their long-standing conflict over imperial authority and papal interference in secular governance.12

The primary reasons for this action included:

• Disputed Imperial Authority: John XXII refused to confirm Louis’s election as emperor, claiming the right to decide between imperial claimants and asserting that the emperor could not exercise authority without papal approval. Louis countered by declaring the independence of the empire and the sufficiency of his own election and coronation.23
• Charges of Heresy: The pope had declared Louis a heretic on political grounds, while Louis and his supporters—including the political philosopher Marsilius of Padua—accused John XXII of heresy for his condemnation of the Spiritual Franciscans and their doctrine of absolute poverty.123
• Political Strategy: During his expedition to Rome, Louis was crowned by representatives of the Roman populace rather than the pope. Persuaded by his advisors, he formally deposed the pope on April 18, 1328, and supported the appointment of an antipope, Nicholas V, to challenge John XXII’s legitimacy.143