Why did Johann Gottfried von Herder later criticize Immanuel Kant's philosophy?

Johann Gottfried von Herder criticized Immanuel Kant’s philosophy because he viewed it as a direct threat to his own historical and cultural worldview. Herder believed that human development and the spirit of cultures could not be understood through the purely rational, abstract processes that Kant championed.12

Herder’s opposition culminated in several works written toward the end of his life, including:

• Metakritik zur Kritik der reinen Vernunft (1799; "Metacritique of the Critique of Pure Reason")1
• Kalligone (1800), which served as a metacritique of Kant’s Critique of Judgment1

While Kant sought to establish universal, a priori conditions for human knowledge and reason, Herder emphasized the importance of historical context, language, and the unique "soul" of a Volk (people). Herder felt that Kant’s rigid, schematic approach to philosophy ignored the organic, evolving nature of humanity that he had explored in his own work, Outlines of a Philosophy of the History of Man.123