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Why did Hannibal take poison at Libyssa?
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Hannibal
Hannibal, engraving by John Chapman, 1800.
Hannibal took poison at his fortress in Libyssa as a final act of defiance against the Romans.1
After his defeat and subsequent exile, the influence of Rome had expanded significantly, allowing them to demand his surrender from the various rulers who had granted him refuge. While residing in Bithynia, Hannibal grew suspicious of potential treachery. He sent a servant to inspect the secret exits of his fortress, only to learn that the building was surrounded by unknown guards. Realizing he had been betrayed and had no means of escape, he chose to end his own life rather than be captured by his enemies.1