Why did Hannibal choose to invade Italy by land instead of by sea?

Hannibal chose to invade Italy by land because the Roman navy held command of the sea, making a direct maritime invasion highly dangerous and impractical.12

While the land route through Gaul and over the Alps was long and arduous, Hannibal’s access to the coastal route was also blocked by Roman-allied forces, including those from Marseille. By choosing the bold, unexpected land route, Hannibal aimed to carry the war directly into Italy to disrupt the Roman confederacy and cut off Rome's source of strength. This strategy allowed him to bypass Roman naval superiority and attempt to turn Rome’s own Italian allies against the Republic.231