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Why did Gregory I criticize Emperor Maurice’s policies?

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St. Gregory the Great Pope Gregory I (the Great) depicted in a stained glass window at St. Michael & All Angels Church in Brinkworth, Wiltshire, England.

Gregory I often criticized the policies of Emperor Maurice due to fundamental disagreements regarding the governance of the church and the management of Italy.1

His criticisms were driven by several key factors:

Ecclesiastical Disputes: Gregory strongly opposed Maurice’s support for the patriarch of Constantinople’s use of the title "ecumenical patriarch." Gregory believed this title was an expression of pride that offended the equality of all bishops and ignored Rome’s primacy.1
Imperial Interference: Gregory frequently protested Maurice’s policies regarding the church, including specific mandates such as the prohibition of monastic life for state employees. While Gregory felt obligated to obey such laws as a subject of the Christian empire, he simultaneously voiced his dissent to fulfill his duty to God.1
Management of Italy: Tensions arose over the defense of Italy against the Lombards. Gregory often felt that Byzantine strategies prioritized the administrative center of Ravenna at the expense of Rome. Furthermore, when Gregory attempted to use force against schismatics, Maurice often ordered him to stop to maintain peace, leading to further friction.1