Why did Giuseppe Garibaldi live in exile in South America?

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Portrait of Giuseppe Garibaldi wearing a beret and cloak, with a full beard and mustache, looking toward the camera. — Giuseppe Garibaldi Giuseppe Garibaldi, c. 1860–82.

Giuseppe Garibaldi lived in exile in South America from 1836 to 1848 primarily because he had been condemned to death by a Genoese court. This sentence followed his participation in a failed 1834 mutiny intended to provoke a republican revolution in Piedmont, which forced him to flee to France and subsequently to the Americas.12

During his time in South America, Garibaldi engaged in various revolutionary activities, including serving as a naval captain for the Rio Grande do Sul republic and later commanding the Uruguayan navy and an Italian Legion in Uruguay. These experiences were formative, providing him with essential training in guerrilla warfare that he would later employ in his efforts toward the unification of Italy.1